Electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article

ABSTRACT

An electromagnetic-coupling module including a radio IC chip and a feeder circuit board on which the radio IC chip is mounted and a feeder circuit including a resonant circuit having a predetermined resonant frequency is attached to an article. The article has a radiation element that radiates a transmission signal supplied from the feeder circuit of the electromagnetic-coupling module via electromagnetic coupling and that supplies a received reception signal to the feeder circuit via the electromagnetic coupling.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention

The present invention relates toelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articles, and morespecifically, to an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articleincluding a radio IC chip used in an RFID (Radio FrequencyIdentification) system.

2. Description of the Related Art

Recently, RFID systems, in which a reader/writer that generates aninduction field and an IC tag (hereinafter, referred to as a radio ICdevice) storing predetermined information attached to an articlecommunicate with each other in a non-contact manner to transmitinformation, have been developed as article management systems. Knownradio IC devices used in the RFID systems, for example, are described inJapanese Unexamined Patent Application Publication No. 2005-136528(Patent Document 1) and Japanese Unexamined Patent ApplicationPublication No. 2005-244778 (Patent Document 2).

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 60, a radio IC device, in which anantenna element 601 is disposed on a plastic film 600 and a radio ICchip 610 is attached to one end of the antenna element 601, is provided.As shown in FIG. 61, a radio IC device, in which an antenna element 621and radiation electrodes 622 are disposed on a plastic film 620 and aradio IC chip 610 is attached at a predetermined position of the antennaelement 621, is provided.

However, in conventional radio IC devices, the radio IC chip 610 isDC-connected to and mounted on the antenna element 601 or 621 using Aubumps. Accordingly, positioning of the minute radio IC chip 610 on thelarge film 600 or 620 is required. Nevertheless, accurately positioningthe minute radio IC chip 610 on the large film 600 or 620 is extremelydifficult. The conventional radio IC devices have a problem that aresonant frequency characteristic at an antenna changes if thepositioning thereof shifts during mounting. In addition, the resonantfrequency characteristic at the antenna changes if the antenna element601 or 621 is rolled or sandwiched between dielectrics (e.g., insertedinside a book).

Although applications for radio IC devices are virtually limitless,attaching the radio IC devices to various articles is difficult sincethe resonant frequency characteristic changes due to an arrangementstate of antennas or other factors.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To overcome the problems described above, preferred embodiments of thepresent invention provide an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attachedarticle including an electromagnetic-coupling module having a radio ICchip a stable frequency characteristic.

In an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according topreferred embodiments of the present invention, anelectromagnetic-coupling module defined by a radio IC chip and a feedercircuit board on which the radio IC chip is mounted and a feeder circuitincluding a resonant circuit having a predetermined resonant frequencyis provided, is attached to an article. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article includes a radiationelement that radiates a transmission signal supplied from the feedercircuit of the electromagnetic-coupling module via electromagneticcoupling and/or supplies a received reception signal to the feedercircuit via the electromagnetic coupling.

In the electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according topreferred embodiments of the present invention, the radio IC chip ismounted on the feeder circuit board and is integrated with the radiationelement through the feeder circuit board. Since the size of the feedercircuit board is significantly smaller than the radiation element, it ispossible to mount the radio IC chip on the feeder circuit boardextremely accurately.

Additionally, a frequency of a transmission signal radiated from theradiation element and a frequency of a reception signal supplied to theradio IC chip are determined primarily by a resonant frequency of theresonant circuit in the feeder circuit board. The frequencies aredetermined primarily because the frequencies slightly shift due to apositional relationship between the feeder circuit board and theradiation element. That is, since the frequencies of the transmissionand reception signals are determined in the feeder circuit board onwhich the radio IC chip is highly accurately mounted, the frequencycharacteristic does not change regardless of the shape, size, andposition of the radiation element, for example, even if the radiationelement is rolled or sandwiched by dielectrics, and thus, a stablefrequency characteristic is obtained. Accordingly, various kinds ofarticles can be incorporated in an RFID system.

In the electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according topreferred embodiments of the present invention, the radiation elementmay be a metal material that the article itself originally includes. Forexample, when a bicycle is the article, a metal body thereof can be usedas the radiation element. When a mobile terminal device is the article,a metal housing can be used as the radiation element. In addition, theradiation element may be a metal pattern applied to the article for useas the radiation element. For example, when clothing contained inwrapping paper is the article, a metal film pattern may be provided onthe wrapping paper and this metal film pattern may be used as theradiation element.

In the electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according topreferred embodiments of the present invention, the radiation elementmay be a dielectric. Here, the dielectric denotes a material whosedielectric constant is equal to or greater than about 1. By adjustingthe characteristic impedance at an input and output portion of theelectromagnetic-coupling module and characteristic impedance at adielectric interface, an electromagnetic wave is input into thedielectric and the dielectric functions as an electromagnetic radiator.That is, ceramic, glass and resin dielectrics, such as a plastic bottle,can function as an antenna, which is generally made of metal. Thedielectric functions as the radiation element, whereby various kinds ofarticles can be incorporated in an RFID system.

The radio IC chip not only stores information about articles to whichthe electromagnetic-coupling module is attached but also can rewrite theinformation, and may have information processing functions other thanthose of an RFID system.

Additionally, in the electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articleaccording to preferred embodiments of the present invention, theresonant circuit may preferably be a lumped-constant resonant circuitdefined by a capacitor pattern and an inductor pattern. Thelumped-constant resonant circuit may be an LC series resonant circuit oran LC parallel resonant circuit. Alternatively, the lumped-constantresonant circuit may include a plurality of LC series resonant circuitsor a plurality of LC parallel resonant circuits. It is possible todefine the resonant circuit by a distributed-constant resonant circuit.In such a case, an inductor of the resonant circuit is preferablydefined by a stripline or other suitable component. However, if theresonant circuit is defined by a lumped-constant resonant circuitincluding a capacitor pattern and an inductor pattern, miniaturizationcan be readily achieved and the resonant circuit is less affected byother elements, such as the radiation element. If the resonant circuitis defined by a plurality of resonant circuits, the band of thetransmission signal is widened since each of the resonant circuits arecoupled.

In addition, if the capacitor pattern is disposed downstream of theradio IC chip and between the radio IC chip and the inductor pattern, asurge withstand capability is improved. Because the surge is alow-frequency current up to about 200 MHz, it is possible to cut thesurge by the capacitor and to prevent the radio IC chip from beingdestroyed by the surge.

The feeder circuit board may be a multi-layer board defined bylaminating a plurality of dielectric layers or magnetic layers. In thiscase, the capacitor pattern and the inductor pattern are provided on asurface of and/or inside the multi-layer board. By defining the resonantcircuit by the multi-layer board, elements (e.g., electrode patterns orother elements) defining the resonant circuit can be provided not onlyon the surface of the board but also inside the board andminiaturization of the board can be achieved. In addition, the layoutflexibility of the resonant circuit elements and performance of theresonant circuit increase. The multi-layer board may be a resinmulti-layer board obtained by laminating a plurality of resin layers ora ceramic multi-layer board obtained by laminating a plurality ofceramic layers. Additionally, the multi-layer board may be a thin-filmmulti-layer board utilizing a thin film coating technology. If themulti-layer board is the ceramic multi-layer board, it is preferable toform the ceramic layers with a low-temperature sintering ceramicmaterial, such that silver and copper having low resistance can be usedas resonant circuit members.

On the other hand, the feeder circuit board may be a dielectric ormagnetic single-layer board. In this case, the capacitor pattern and/orthe inductor pattern are provided on a surface of the single-layerboard. The material of the single-layer board may be resin or ceramic.Capacitance of the capacitor pattern may be provided between planarelectrodes disposed on front and back surfaces of the single-layerboard. Alternatively, the capacitance may be provided between electrodesarranged in parallel on one surface of the single-layer board.

Preferably, the feeder circuit board is a rigid board made of resin orceramic. If the board is rigid, the frequency of the transmission signalis stable even when the radio IC device is adhered to articles havingany shape. In addition, the radio IC chip can be mounted stably on therigid board.

Meanwhile, it is preferable that an electrical length of the radiationelement is an integral multiple of a half wavelength of the resonantfrequency, such that a gain is maximized. However, since the frequencyis substantially determined in the resonant circuit, the electricallength of the radiation element is not necessarily an integral multipleof a half wavelength of the resonant frequency. This is advantageous ascompared to a case in which the radiation element is an antenna elementhaving a specific resonant frequency.

Additionally, various configurations can be used for connection betweenthe radio IC chip and the feeder circuit board. For example, a chip-sideelectrode pattern is provided in the radio IC chip and a firstboard-side electrode pattern is provided in the feeder circuit board,and the chip-side electrode pattern and the first board-side electrodepattern may be DC-connected. In this case, the radio IC chip and thefeeder circuit board can be connected with solder, conductive resin, Aubumps, or other suitable material.

Alternatively, the chip-side electrode pattern and the first board-sideelectrode pattern may be connected by capacitive coupling or magneticcoupling. If connection is made by capacitive coupling or magneticcoupling, solder and conductive resin is not required and the radio ICchip may be adhered using adhesive, such as resin. In this case, thechip-side electrode pattern and the first board-side electrode patternare not necessarily provided on the surface of the radio IC chip and thesurface of the feeder circuit board. For example, a resin film isprovided on the surface of the chip-side electrode pattern or the firstboard-side electrode pattern may be provided in an inner layer of themulti-layer board.

With capacitive coupling, it is preferable that the size of the firstboard-side electrode pattern is greater than that of the chip-sideelectrode pattern. Even if the accuracy of position at the time theradio IC chip is mounted on the feeder circuit board varies to someextent, variation of capacitance produced between both electrodepatterns is reduced. Furthermore, although forming a large electrodepattern on a small radio IC chip is difficult, forming a large electrodepattern is not difficult since the feeder circuit board is relativelylarge.

With magnetic coupling, since a significantly high mounting accuracy ofa radio IC chip on a feeder circuit board is not required as compared tocapacitive coupling, mounting is facilitated. In addition, it ispreferable that each of the chip-side electrode pattern and the firstboard-side electrode pattern be a coil-shaped electrode pattern. If thecoil-shaped electrode pattern is a spiral or helical coil-shapedelectrode pattern, the design is further facilitated. If the frequencyis high, a meander pattern is effective.

On the other hand, various configurations can be used for connectionbetween the feeder circuit board and the radiation element. For example,a second board-side electrode pattern and the radiation element may beconnected by capacitive coupling or magnetic coupling. If connection ismade by capacitive coupling or magnetic coupling, solder and conductiveresin is not required and the feeder circuit board may be adhered usingadhesive, such as resin. In this case, the second board-side electrodepattern is not necessarily provided on the surface of the feeder circuitboard. For example, the second board-side electrode pattern may beprovided in an inner layer of the multi-layer board.

With magnetic coupling, preferably, the second board-side electrodepattern is a coil-shaped electrode pattern. Since it is easy to controlmagnetic flux with a spiral or helical coil-shaped electrode pattern,the design is facilitated. If the frequency is high, a meander patterncan be used. Additionally, with magnetic coupling, it is preferable thata change in magnetic flux caused in the second board-side electrodepattern (coil-shaped electrode pattern) is not prevented. For example,an opening is preferably provided at the radiation element, such that asignal energy transmission efficiency can be improved and a variation offrequency due to adhering the feeder circuit board and the radiationelement is reduced.

According to preferred embodiments of the present invention, a radio ICchip can be mounted on a feeder circuit board extremely accurately. Inaddition, since frequencies of a transmission signal and a receptionsignal are determined in a feeder circuit provided in the feeder circuitboard, a frequency characteristic does not change and stable frequencycharacteristics can be obtained if an electromagnetic-coupling module iscombined with various forms of radiation element.

Accordingly, by utilizing metal materials that the articles themselvesinclude or metal patterns applied to the articles as the radiationelements, various articles can be incorporated in an RFID system andasset management of the articles can be performed.

Other features, elements, steps, characteristics and advantages of thepresent invention will become more apparent from the following detaileddescription of preferred embodiments of the present invention withreference to the attached drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing a first example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the first example.

FIG. 3 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit of the first example.

FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit board ofthe first example.

FIGS. 5A and 5B are perspective views showing connection state of aradio IC chip and a feeder circuit board.

FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a second example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing a third example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 8 is a sectional view showing a fourth example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 9 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a fifth example ofan electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 10 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a sixth example ofan electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 11 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a seventh exampleof an electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 12 is a sectional view showing an eighth example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 13 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit of the eighth example.

FIG. 14 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit boardof the eighth example.

FIG. 15 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a ninth example ofan electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 16 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a tenth example ofan electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 17 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit boardof the tenth example.

FIG. 18 is a perspective view showing an eleventh example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 19 is a sectional view showing a twelfth example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 20 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit boardof the twelfth example.

FIG. 21 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a 13th example.

FIG. 22 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit boardof the 13th example.

FIG. 23 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a 14th example ofan electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 24 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit boardof the 14th example.

FIG. 25 is a graph showing a reflection characteristic of the 14thexample.

FIG. 26 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a 15th example ofan electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 27 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit boardof the 15th example.

FIGS. 28A and 28B show a radio IC chip of the 15th example, FIG. 28A isa bottom view and FIG. 28B is an enlarged sectional view.

FIG. 29 is a diagram of an equivalent circuit showing a 16th example ofan electromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 30 is an exploded perspective view showing a feeder circuit boardof the 16th example.

FIG. 31 is an exploded perspective view showing a 17th example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 32 is a bottom view of a feeder circuit board mounting a radio ICchip in the 17th example.

FIG. 33 is a side view of the 17th example.

FIG. 34 is a side view showing a modification of the 17th example.

FIG. 35 is an exploded perspective view showing an 18th example of anelectromagnetic-coupling module.

FIG. 36 is a perspective view showing a first preferred embodiment of anelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 37 is a perspective view showing a second preferred embodiment ofan electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 38 is an elevational view showing a third preferred embodiment ofan electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 39 is a perspective view showing a fourth preferred embodiment ofan electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 40 is a perspective view showing a fifth preferred embodiment of anelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 41 is a perspective view showing a sixth preferred embodiment of anelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 42 is a perspective view showing a seventh preferred embodiment ofan electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 43 is a perspective view showing an eighth preferred embodiment ofan electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 44 is an elevational view showing a ninth preferred embodiment ofan electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 45 is a perspective view showing a tenth preferred embodiment of anelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 46 is a plan view showing an eleventh preferred embodiment of anelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 47 is a perspective view showing a twelfth preferred embodiment ofan electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 48 is a perspective view showing a thirteenth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 49 is a perspective view showing a fourteenth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 50 is a perspective view showing a fifteenth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 51 is a perspective view showing a sixteenth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 52 is a perspective view showing a seventeenth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 53 is a perspective view showing an eighteenth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 54 is a perspective view showing a nineteenth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 55 is a perspective view showing a twentieth preferred embodimentof an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to thepresent invention.

FIG. 56 is a perspective view showing a twenty first preferredembodiment of an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articleaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 57 is a perspective view showing a twenty second preferredembodiment of an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articleaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 58 is an elevational view showing a twenty third preferredembodiment of an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articleaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 59 is a perspective view showing a twenty fourth preferredembodiment of an electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articleaccording to the present invention.

FIG. 60 is a plan view showing a first example of a conventional radioIC device.

FIG. 61 is a plan view showing a second example of a conventional radioIC device.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

In the following, preferred embodiments ofelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articles according to thepresent invention will be described with reference to the accompanyingdrawings. The same numerals are used for common parts and portions ofthe various electromagnetic-coupling modules and various articlesdescribed below, and repetitions of description are omitted.

First Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

An electromagnetic-coupling module 1 a of a first example is combinedwith a monopole-type radiation element 20. As shown in FIG. 1 and FIG.2, the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 a includes a radio IC chip 5and a feeder circuit board 10 on the upper surface of which the radio ICchip 5 is mounted. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 a is adhered onthe radiation element 20. The radio IC chip 5 includes a clock circuit,a logic circuit, and a memory circuit, and stores necessary informationtherein. The radio IC chip 5 is directly DC-connected to a feedercircuit 16 included in the feeder circuit board 10.

The feeder circuit 16 is a circuit arranged to supply a transmissionsignal having a predetermined frequency to the radiation element 20and/or a circuit for selecting a reception signal having a predeterminedfrequency from signals received by the radiation element 20 andsupplying the selected reception signal to the radio IC chip 5. Thefeeder circuit 16 has a resonant circuit that resonates at frequenciesof the transmission and reception signals.

As shown in FIG. 2 and FIG. 3, the feeder circuit board 10 includes thefeeder circuit 16, which is defined by a lumped-constant LC seriesresonant circuit including a helical inductance element L andcapacitance elements C1 and C2. More specifically, as shown in FIG. 4,the feeder circuit board 10 is a board obtained by laminating,press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets 11A to 11G made ofdielectrics. The feeder circuit board 10 is defined by the sheet 11A onwhich connection electrodes 12 and via hole conductors 13 a areprovided, the sheet 11B on which capacitor electrodes 14 a are provided,the sheet 11C on which capacitor electrodes 14 b and via hole conductors13 b are provided, the sheet 11D on which via hole conductors 13 c areprovided, the sheet 11E on which conductive patterns 15 a and via holeconductors 13 d are provided, the sheet 11F (one or more) on which viahole conductors 13 e are provided, and the sheet 11G on which conductivepatterns 15 b are provided. Meanwhile, each of the ceramic sheets 11A to11G may be a sheet made of a magnetic ceramic material. The feedercircuit board 10 can be readily obtained with conventionally usedmulti-layer board manufacturing processes, such as a sheet laminatingmethod and a thick film printing method.

By laminating the above-mentioned sheets 11A to 11G, the inductanceelement L whose axis of helix is substantially parallel to the radiationelement 20 and the capacitance elements C1 and C2 are provided. In thecapacitance elements C1 and C2, the capacitor electrodes 14 b areconnected to both ends of the inductance element L and the capacitorelectrodes 14 a are connected to the connection electrodes 12 throughthe via hole conductors 13 a. The connection electrodes, which areboard-side electrode patterns, are DC-connected to chip-side electrodepatterns (not shown) in the radio IC chip 5 through solder bumps 6.

More specifically, transmission signals are fed to the radiation element20 from the inductance element L, i.e., a coil-shaped electrode pattern,among elements constituting the feeder circuit via a magnetic field. Inaddition, reception signals from the radiation element 20 are fed to theinductance element L via a magnetic field. Accordingly, it is preferableto arrange the inductance element, among the inductance element and thecapacitance elements defining the resonant circuit, near the radiationelement 20 in the feeder circuit board 10.

In this example, the radiation element 20 is preferably made of a longnon-magnetic material, such as aluminum foil and copper foil, namely, anopen-ended metal material. The radiation element 20 is disposed on anarticle using an insulating flexible resin film 21, such as PET, as itsfoundation. A lower surface of the feeder circuit board 10 is adhered onthe radiation element 20 through an insulating adhesion layer defined byadhesive 18.

To give an example of size, the thickness of the radio IC chip 5 isabout 50 μm to about 100 μm. The thickness of the solder bump 6 is about20 μm. The thickness of the feeder circuit board 10 is about 200 μm toabout 500 μm. The thickness of the adhesive 18 is about 0.1 μm to μm 10μm. The thickness of the radiation element 20 is about 1 μm to about 50μm. The thickness of the film 21 is about 10 μm to about 100 μm.Additionally, the size (area) of the radio IC chip 5 may be varioussizes, such as approximately 0.4 mm×0.4 mm and 0.9 mm×0.8 mm. The size(area) of the feeder circuit board 10 can range from the same size asthat of the radio IC chip 5 to the size of approximately 3 mm×3 mm.

Connection configurations of the radio IC chip 5 and the feeder circuitboard 10 are shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B. FIG. 5A is a configuration inwhich pairs of antenna (balance) terminals 7 a and 17 a are provided onthe back surface of the radio IC chip 5 and on the front surface of thefeeder circuit board 10, respectively. FIG. 5B shows another connectionconfiguration. In addition to the pairs of antenna (balance) terminals 7a and 17 a, ground terminals 7 b and 17 b are provided on the backsurface of the radio IC chip 5 and on the front surface of the feedercircuit board 10, respectively. However, the ground terminals 17 b ofthe feeder circuit board 10 are terminated and are not connected toother elements in the feeder circuit board 10.

An equivalent circuit of the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 a isshown in FIG. 3. This electromagnetic-coupling module 1 a receives ahigh-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band) radiated from areader/writer, not shown, with the radiation element 20. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 a resonates the feeder circuit 16 (anLC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L and thecapacitance elements C1 and C2) that is primarily magnetically coupledto the radiation element 20, and supplies only the reception signalhaving a predetermined frequency band to the radio IC chip 5. On theother hand, the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 a derives apredetermined energy from this reception signal. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 a applies reflection modulation oninformation stored in the radio IC chip 5, i.e., an input signal, usingthis energy as a driving source to adjust a transmission signal at apredetermined frequency in the feeder circuit 16. Thereafter, thetransmission signal is transmitted to the radiation element 20 from theinductance element L in the feeder circuit 16 via the magnetic coupling.The transmission signal is transmitted and transferred to thereader/writer from the radiation element 20.

Meanwhile, although the coupling between the feeder circuit 16 and theradiation element 20 is primarily coupling via a magnetic field,coupling via an electric field may exist. In the present invention,“electromagnetic coupling” means coupling via an electric field and/or amagnetic field.

In the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 a of the first example, theradio IC chip 5 is directly DC-connected on the feeder circuit board 10including the feeder circuit 16 therein. The feeder circuit board 10 isapproximately the same size as the radio IC chip 5, and is rigid. Thus,it is possible to align and mount the radio IC chip 5 extremelyaccurately as compared to mounting the radio IC chip on a large flexiblefilm as with the conventional device. Furthermore, the feeder circuitboard 10 is made of a ceramic material and has a heat resistanceproperty. Thus, the radio IC chip 5 can be fixed on the feeder circuitboard 10 with solder. That is, since an ultrasonic bonding method is notused, unlike the conventional method, the cost is reduced, and the radioIC chip 5 is not damaged by pressure applied at the time of theultrasonic bonding, and a self-alignment effect resulting from reflowsoldering is utilized.

In addition, in the feeder circuit 16, a resonant frequencycharacteristic is determined in the resonant circuit defined by theinductance element L and the capacitance elements C1 and C2. Theresonant frequency of the signal radiated from the radiation element 20is substantially equal to a self-resonance frequency of the feedercircuit 16. The maximum gain of the signal is substantially determinedby at least one of size and shape of the feeder circuit 16 and distanceand medium between the feeder circuit 16 and the radiation element 20.More specifically, in the first example, an electrical length of theradiation element 20 is set to a half wavelength λ/2 of the resonantfrequency. However, the electrical length of the radiation element 20does not have to be an integral multiple of λ/2. That is, in the presentinvention, the frequency of the signal radiated from the radiationelement 20 is substantially determined by the resonant frequency of theresonant circuit (the feeder circuit 16). Thus, the frequencycharacteristic does not substantially depend on the electrical length ofthe radiation element 20. It is preferable that the electrical length ofthe radiation element 20 is an integral multiple of λ/2, since the gainachieves a maximum value at such electrical lengths.

As described above, the resonant frequency characteristic of the feedercircuit 16 is determined in the resonant circuit, defined by theinductance element L and the capacitance elements C1 and C2, included inthe feeder circuit board 10. Accordingly, the resonant frequencycharacteristic does not change even if the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 a is inserted in a book. Additionally, the resonant frequencycharacteristic does not change even if the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 a is rolled, such that the shape of the radiation element 20 ischanged or the size of the radiation element 20 is changed. In addition,since the coil-shaped electrode pattern that defines the inductanceelement L is arranged such that the helical axis thereof issubstantially parallel to the radiation element 20, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 a has an advantage that the centerfrequency does not vary. Furthermore, the capacitance elements C1 and C2are inserted downstream of the radio IC chip 5. Thus, it is possible tocut low-frequency surge with these elements C1 and C2 and to protect theradio IC chip 5 from the surge.

Moreover, since the feeder circuit board 10 is a rigid multi-layerboard, it is convenient to handle the radio IC chip 5 at the time ofsoldering. Additionally, the radiation element 20 is preferably made ofa flexible metal film. Accordingly, for example, the radiation element20 can be formed on a film used for wrapping clothing and on a surfaceof a generally cylindrical body, such as a plastic bottle, withoutdifficulty.

In addition, in various preferred embodiments of the present invention,the resonant circuit may also function as a matching circuit formatching the impedance of the radio IC chip and the impedance of theradiation element. Alternatively, the feeder circuit board may furtherinclude a matching circuit, defined by an inductance element and acapacitance element, provided separately from the resonant circuit. Ifthe function of the matching circuit is added to the resonant circuit,design of the resonant circuit tends to be complicated. If the matchingcircuit is provided separately from the resonant circuit, it is possibleto independently design the resonant circuit and the matching circuit.

Second Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown in FIG. 6, an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 b of a secondexample is attached on a radiation element 20 made of aluminum foil orother suitable material having a large area on an article that includesa large insulating flexible plastic film 21 as its foundation. A feedercircuit board having a radio IC chip 5 mounted thereon is adhered at adesired position on the radiation element 20.

Meanwhile, a configuration of the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 b,namely, an internal configuration of the feeder circuit board 10, issubstantially the same as that of the first example. Accordingly,advantages of the second example are the same as those of the firstexample. Furthermore, this example has an advantage in thatsignificantly high accuracy is not required for the adhesion position ofthe feeder circuit board 10.

Third Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown in FIG. 7, an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 c of a thirdexample is attached on a meshed portion of a large radiation element 20made of aluminum foil or other suitable material. The mesh may beprovided over all of the radiation element 20 or may be providedpartially over the radiation element 20.

A configuration of the electromagnetic-coupling module is the same asthat of the second example. In addition to an advantage that highaccuracy is not required for the adhesion position of a feeder circuitboard 10, variation (reduction) of magnetic flux generated from thefeeder circuit board 10 is decreased since the magnetic flux of acoil-shaped electrode pattern passes through openings of the mesh andmore magnetic flux can pass the radiation element 20. Accordingly, it ispossible not only to improve signal energy transmission efficiency, butalso to reduce a shift of frequency due to laminating.

Fourth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown in FIG. 8, in an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 d of afourth example, adhesive 18 is applied to a surface, other than aconjunction surface to a feeder circuit board 10 but including theconjunction surface (herein, the whole surface) on an article that usesa film 21 as its foundation through a radiation element 20. By thisadhesive 18, the article having the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 dcan be adhered to another article so that the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 d is inside.

In addition, a configuration of the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 d,namely, an internal configuration of the feeder circuit board 10, is thesame as that of the first example. Accordingly, the advantages of thefourth example are substantially the same as those of the first example.

Fifth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 9, an electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 e of a fifth example includes an inductance element L definedby a coil-shaped electrode pattern as a feeder circuit 16 in a feedercircuit board 10. A capacitance element C defining an LC parallelresonant circuit is provided as a stray capacitance(distributed-constant capacitance) between conductive patterns of theinductance element L.

That is, if the coil-shaped electrode pattern has self-resonance, evenone coil-shaped electrode pattern can function as an LC parallelresonant circuit using an L-component of a coil-shaped electrode patternitself and a C-component of stray capacitance between wires to definethe feeder circuit 16. Accordingly, this electromagnetic-coupling module1 e receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band) radiatedfrom a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation element 20. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 e resonates the feeder circuit 16 (anLC parallel resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L and thecapacitance element C) that is primarily magnetically coupled to theradiation element 20, and supplies only a reception signal at apredetermined frequency band to a radio IC chip 5. On the other hand,the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 e derives a predetermined energyfrom this reception signal. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 eapplies reflection modulation on information stored in the radio IC chip5, i.e., an input signal, using this energy as a driving source toadjust a transmission signal at a predetermined frequency in the feedercircuit 16. Thereafter, the transmission signal is transmitted to theradiation element 20 from the inductance element L in the feeder circuit16 via magnetic coupling. The transmission signal is transmitted andtransferred to the reader/writer from the radiation element 20.

Sixth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 10, anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 f of a sixth example includes a feedercircuit 16 compatible with dipole-type radiation elements 20. A feedercircuit board includes the feeder circuit 16 that preferably includestwo LC parallel resonant circuits. An inductance element L1 and acapacitance element C1 are connected to a first port side of a radio ICchip 5. An inductance element L2 and a capacitance element C2 areconnected to a second port side of the radio IC chip 5. The pairs of theinductance element and capacitance element face the radiation elements20 and 20, respectively. The ends of the inductance element L1 and thecapacitance element C1 are open ends. Meanwhile, the first port and thesecond port constitute an I/O of a differential circuit.

Advantages of the sixth example are substantially the same as those ofthe first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 f receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation elements20. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 f resonates the feeder circuit16 (an LC parallel resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L1and the capacitance element C1 and an LC parallel resonant circuitdefined by the inductance element L2 and the capacitance element C2)that is primarily magnetically coupled to the radiation elements 20, andsupplies only a reception signal at a predetermined frequency band tothe radio IC chip 5. On the other hand, the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 f derives a predetermined energy from this reception signal.The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 f applies reflection modulation oninformation stored in the radio IC chip 5, i.e., an input signal, usingthis energy as a driving source to adjust a transmission signal at apredetermined frequency in the feeder circuit 16. Thereafter, thetransmission signal is transmitted to the radiation elements 20 from theinductance elements L1 and L2 in the feeder circuit 16 via the magneticcoupling. The transmission signal is transmitted and transferred to thereader/writer from the radiation elements 20.

Seventh Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 11, anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 g of a seventh example includes afeeder circuit 16 compatible with dipole-type radiation elements 20. Afeeder circuit board includes the feeder circuit 16 including two LCseries resonant circuits. Inductance elements L1 and L2 face theradiation elements 20 and 20, respectively. Each of capacitance elementsC1 and C2 is connected to ground.

Advantages of the seventh example are substantially the same as those ofthe first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 g receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation elements20. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 g resonates the feeder circuit16 (an LC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L1and the capacitance element C1 and an LC series resonant circuit definedby the inductance element L2 and the capacitance element C2) that isprimarily magnetically coupled to the radiation elements 20, andsupplies only a reception signal at a predetermined frequency band to aradio IC chip 5. On the other hand, the electromagnetic-coupling module1 g derives a predetermined energy from this reception signal. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 g applies reflection modulation oninformation stored in the radio IC chip 5, i.e., an input signal, usingthis energy as a driving source to adjust a transmission signal at apredetermined frequency in the feeder circuit 16. Thereafter, thetransmission signal is transmitted to the radiation elements 20 from theinductance elements L1 and L2 in the feeder circuit 16 via the magneticcoupling. The transmission signal is transmitted and transferred to thereader/writer from the radiation elements 20.

Eighth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown in FIG. 12, an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 h of an eighthexample is combined with a monopole-type radiation element 20. A feedercircuit 16 having an LC series resonant circuit includes an inductanceelement L and a capacitance element C included in a feeder circuit board10. As shown in FIG. 13, an axis of a coil-shaped electrode patterndefining the inductance element L is arranged substantiallyperpendicular to the radiation element 20. The feeder circuit 16 isprimarily magnetically coupled to the radiation element 20.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 14, the feeder circuit board 10 is aboard obtained by laminating, press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets31A to 31F made of dielectrics. The feeder circuit board 10 is definedby the sheet 31A on which connection electrodes 32 and via holeconductors 33 a are provided, the sheet 31B on which a capacitorelectrode 34 a and a via hole conductor 33 b are provided, the sheet 31Con which a capacitor electrode 34 b and via hole conductors 33 c and 33b are provided, the sheet 31D (one or more) on which a conductivepattern 35 a and via hole conductors 33 d and 33 b are provided, thesheet 31E (one or more) on which a conductive pattern 35 b and via holeconductors 33 e and 33 b are provided, and the sheet 31F on which aconductive pattern 35 c is provided.

By laminating the above-described sheets 31A to 31F, the feeder circuit16 having the LC series resonant circuit, in which the inductanceelement L whose axis of helix is substantially vertical to the radiationelement 20 and the capacitance element C serially connected to theinductance element L are connected, is obtained. The capacitor electrode34 a is connected to the connection electrode 32 through the via holeconductor 33 a, and is further connected to a radio IC chip 5 throughsolder bumps 6. One end of the inductance element L is connected to theconnection electrode 32 through the via hole conductor 33 b, and isfurther connected to the radio IC chip 5 through the solder bump 6.

Advantages of the eighth example are substantially the same as those ofthe first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 h receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation element 20.The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 h resonates the feeder circuit 16(an LC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L andthe capacitance element C) that is primarily magnetically coupled to theradiation element 20, and supplies only a reception signal at apredetermined frequency band to the radio IC chip 5. On the other hand,the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 h derives a predetermined energyfrom this reception signal. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 happlies reflection modulation on information stored in the radio IC chip5, i.e., an input signal, using this energy as a driving source toadjust a transmission signal at a predetermined frequency in the feedercircuit 16. Thereafter, the transmission signal is transmitted to theradiation element 20 from the inductance elements L in the feedercircuit 16 via magnetic coupling. The transmission signal is transmittedand transferred to the reader/writer from the radiation element 20.

In particular, in the eighth example, since the axis of the helix of thecoil-shaped electrode pattern is arranged substantially vertical to theradiation element 20, the eighth example has an advantage that magneticflux component to the radiation element 20 increases and a signal energytransmission efficiency is improved and gain is increased.

Ninth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 15, in anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 i of a ninth example, a width of thehelix (a coil diameter) of a coil-shaped electrode pattern of aninductance element L shown in the above-described eighth example isgradually increased toward a radiation element 20. Other configurationsare substantially the same as those of the eighth example.

The ninth example provides substantially the same advantages as those ofthe eighth example. In addition, since the width of the helix (coildiameter) of the coil-shaped electrode pattern of the inductance elementL is gradually increased toward the radiation element 20, the signaltransmission efficiency is improved.

Tenth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 16, anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 j of a tenth example is compatiblewith dipole-type radiation elements 20. A feeder circuit board 10includes a feeder circuit 16 defined by two LC series resonant circuits.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 17, the feeder circuit board 10 is aboard obtained by laminating, press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets41A to 41F made of dielectrics. The feeder circuit board 10 is definedby the sheet 41A on which connection electrodes 42 and via holeconductors 43 a are provided, the sheet 41B on which capacitorelectrodes 44 a are provided, the sheet 41C on which capacitorelectrodes 44 b and via hole conductors 43 b are provided, the sheet 41D(one or more) on which conductive patterns 45 a and via hole conductors43 c are provided, the sheet 41E (one or more) on which conductivepatterns 45 b and via hole conductors 43 d are provided, and the sheet41F on which conductive patterns 45 c are provided.

By laminating the sheets 41A to 41F, the feeder circuit 16, having twoLC series resonant circuit in which inductance elements L1 and L2 whosehelical axis is substantially perpendicular to the radiation elements 20and the capacitance elements C1 and C2 serially connected to theinductance elements L1 and L2 are connected, is obtained. The capacitorelectrodes 44 a are connected to the connection electrodes 42 throughthe via hole conductors 43 a, and are further connected to a radio ICchip 5 through solder bumps.

Advantages of the tenth example are substantially the same as those ofthe first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 j receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation elements20. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 j resonates the feeder circuit16 (an LC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L1and the capacitance element C1 and an LC series resonant circuit definedby the inductance element L2 and the capacitance element C2) that isprimarily magnetically coupled to the radiation elements 20, andsupplies only a reception signal at a predetermined frequency band tothe radio IC chip 5. On the other hand, the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 j derives a predetermined energy from this reception signal.The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 j applies reflection modulation oninformation stored in the radio IC chip 5, i.e., an input signal, usingthis energy as a driving source to adjust a transmission signal at apredetermined frequency in the feeder circuit 16. Thereafter, thetransmission signal is transmitted to the radiation elements 20 from theinductance elements L1 and L2 in the feeder circuit 16 via magneticcoupling. The transmission signal is transmitted and transferred to thereader/writer from the radiation elements 20.

In addition, the capacitance elements C1 and C2 are arranged downstreamof the radio IC chip 5 and between the radio IC chip 5 and theinductance elements L1 and L2. Thus, the surge withstand capability isimproved. Because the surge is a low-frequency current up to about 200MHz, it is possible to cut the surge by the capacitance elements C1 andC2 and to prevent the radio IC chip 5 from being destroyed by the surge.

Meanwhile, in the tenth example, the resonant circuit including thecapacitance element C1 and the inductance element L1 and the resonantcircuit including the capacitance element C2 and the inductance elementL2 are not connected to each other.

Eleventh Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown in FIG. 18, in an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 k of aneleventh example, a coil-shaped electrode pattern is provided on asurface of a rigid feeder circuit board 50 made of ceramic orheat-resistant resin. More specifically, a feeder circuit 56 including aspiral inductance element is provided on a single-layer board 50. Bothends of the feeder circuit 56 are directly connected to a radio IC chip5 through solder bumps. The feeder circuit board 50 is adhered on a film21, which carries a radiation element 20, preferably using adhesive. Inaddition, a conductive pattern 56 a and conductive patterns 56 b and 56c defining the feeder circuit 56 and intersecting with each other areseparated by insulating films, not shown.

The feeder circuit 56 in the eleventh example defines an LC parallelresonant circuit that utilizes stray capacitance between the spiralconductive patterns defining a capacitance component. Additionally, thefeeder circuit board 50 is preferably a single-layer board made of adielectric or a magnetic material.

In the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 k of the eleventh example, thefeeder circuit 56 is primarily coupled to the radiation element 20magnetically. Accordingly, as in the case of each of the above-describedexamples, this electromagnetic-coupling module 1 k receives ahigh-frequency signal radiated from a reader/writer with the radiationelement 20. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 k resonates the feedercircuit 56, and supplies only a reception signal at a predeterminedfrequency band to the radio IC chip 5. On the other hand, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 k derives a predetermined energy fromthis reception signal. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 k appliesreflection modulation on information stored in the radio IC chip 5,i.e., an input signal, using this energy as a driving source to adjust atransmission signal at a predetermined frequency in the feeder circuit56. Thereafter, the transmission signal is transmitted to the radiationelement 20 from the inductance element of the feeder circuit 56 viamagnetic coupling. The transmission signal is transmitted andtransferred to the reader/writer from the radiation element 20.

Furthermore, the alignment accuracy is improved since the radio IC chip5 is provided on the small rigid feeder circuit board 50 as in the caseof the first example. The radio IC chip 5 is connectable to the feedercircuit board 50 through solder bumps.

Twelfth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown in FIG. 19, in an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 l of atwelfth example, a coil-shaped electrode pattern of a feeder circuit 56is included in a feeder circuit board 50. As shown in FIG. 20, thefeeder circuit board 50 is a board obtained by laminating,press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets 51A to 51D made ofdielectrics. The feeder circuit board 50 is defined by the sheet 51A onwhich connection electrodes 52 and via hole conductors 53 a areprovided, the sheet 51B on which a conductive pattern 54 a and via holeconductors 53 b and 53 c are provided, the sheet 51C on which aconductive pattern 54 b is provided, and the plain sheet 51D (more thanone).

By laminating these sheets 51A to 51D, the feeder circuit board 50,including the feeder circuit 56 having a resonant circuit defined by aspiral inductance element and a capacitance component defined by straycapacitance between wires of the spiral conductors in a coil-shapedelectrode pattern, is obtained. The connection electrodes 52 located atboth ends of the feeder circuit 56 are connected to the radio IC chip 5through solder bumps 6. Advantages of the twelfth example aresubstantially the same as those of the eleventh example.

Thirteenth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 21, in anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 m of a thirteenth example, a feedercircuit board 10 and a radiation element 20 are capacitively coupled.The feeder circuit board 10 includes a feeder circuit 16 defined by twoLC series resonant circuits. One end of each of inductance elements L1and L2 is connected to a radio IC chip 5. The other ends are connectedto capacitor electrodes 72 a and 72 b (see FIG. 22) defining capacitanceelements C1 and C2 provided on the surface of the board 10.Additionally, ends 20 a and 20 b of a radiation element 20 function asthe other capacitor electrodes constituting the capacitance elements C1and C2.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 22, the feeder circuit board 10 is aboard obtained by laminating, press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets71A to 71F made of dielectrics. The feeder circuit board 10 is definedby the sheet 71A on which capacitor electrodes 72 a and 72 b and viahole conductors 73 a and 73 b are provided, the sheets 71B to 71E onwhich conductive patterns 74 a and 74 b and via hole conductors 73 c and73 d are provided, and the sheet 71F on one surface on which conductivepatterns 74 a and 74 b are provided and on the other surface on whichconnection electrodes 75 a and 75 b are provided. The conductivepatterns 74 a and 74 b and the connection electrodes 75 a and 75 b areconnected through via hole conductors 73 e and 73 f.

By laminating the sheets 71A to 71F, the feeder circuit 16, defined bytwo LC series resonant circuits in which the inductor elements L1 and L2and the capacitance elements C1 and C2 serially connected to theinductance elements L1 and L2 are connected, is obtained. The feedercircuit board 10 is adhered to the radiation element 20 preferably byadhesive, whereby capacitor electrodes 72 a and 72 b, which are planeelectrode patterns arranged substantially parallel to the radiationelement 20, face the ends 20 a and 20 b of the radiation element 20through an insulating adhesion layer to define the capacitance elementsC1 and C2. In addition, the connection electrodes 75 a and 75 b areconnected to the radio IC chip 5 through solder bumps, whereby one endof each of the inductance elements L1 and L2 is connected to the radioIC chip 5. Accordingly, the radio IC chip 5 and the feeder circuit board10 are DC-connected.

Meanwhile, if the adhesive includes, for example, dielectric power, theadhesion layer has a property as a dielectric. Accordingly, it ispossible to increase the capacitance of the capacitance elements C1 andC2. Additionally, the capacitor electrodes 72 a and 72 b, i.e.,second-board-side electrode patterns, are provided on a surface of theback surface of the feeder circuit board 10 in this example. However,the capacitor electrodes 72 a and 72 b may be provided inside the feedercircuit board 10 (however, near the radiation element 20). In addition,the capacitor electrodes 72 a and 72 b may be provided on an inner layerof the board 10.

Advantages of the thirteenth example are substantially the same as thoseof the first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 m receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation element 20.The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 m resonates the feeder circuit 16(an LC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L1 andthe capacitance element C1 and an LC series resonant circuit defined bythe inductance element L2 and the capacitance element C2) thatcapacitively coupled to the radiation element 20, and supplies only areception signal at a predetermined frequency band to the radio IC chip5. On the other hand, the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 m derives apredetermined energy from this reception signal. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 m applies reflection modulation oninformation stored in the radio IC chip 5, i.e., an input signal, usingthis energy as a driving source to adjust a transmission signal at apredetermined frequency in the feeder circuit 16. Thereafter, thetransmission signal is transmitted to the radiation element 20 viacapacitive coupling by the capacitance elements C1 and C2. Thetransmission signal is transmitted and transferred to the reader/writerfrom the radiation element 20.

Fourteenth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 23, in anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 n of a fourteenth example, a feedercircuit 16 has inductance elements L1 and L2 magnetically coupled toeach other. The inductance element L1 is connected to a radio IC chip 5through capacitance elements C1 a and C1 b. The inductance element L1 isconnected, in parallel, to the inductance element L2 through capacitanceelements C2 a and C2 b. In other words, the feeder circuit 16 isconfigured to include an LC series resonant circuit defined by theinductance element L1 and the capacitance elements C1 a and C1 b and anLC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L2 and thecapacitance elements C2 a and C2 b. Each of the resonant circuits iscoupled via magnetic coupling denoted by M in FIG. 23. In addition, bothinductance elements L1 and L2 are coupled to the radiation element 20magnetically.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 24, the feeder circuit board 10 is aboard obtained by laminating, press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets81A to 81H made of dielectrics. The feeder circuit board 10 is definedby the plain sheet 81A, the sheet 81B on which conductive patterns 82 aand 82 b and via hole conductors 83 a, 83 b, 84 a, and 84 b areprovided, the sheet 81C on which the conductive patterns 82 a and 82 band via hole conductors 83 c, 84 c, 83 e, and 84 e are provided, thesheet 81D on which the conductive patterns 82 a and 82 b and via holeconductors 83 d, 84 d, 83 e, and 84 e are provided, the sheet 81E onwhich capacitor electrodes 85 a and 85 b and a via hole conductor 83 eare provided, the sheet 81F on which the capacitor electrodes 86 a and86 b are provided, the plain sheet 81G, and the sheet 81H on the backsurface of which capacitor electrodes 87 a and 87 b are provided.

By laminating the sheets 81A to 81H, the conductive patterns 82 a areconnected through the via hole conductors 83 b and 83 c to define theinductance element L1. The conductive patterns 82 b are connectedthrough the via hole conductors 84 b and 84 c to define the inductanceelement L2. The capacitance element C1 a is defined by the capacitorelectrodes 86 a and 87 a. The capacitor electrode 86 a is connected toone end of the inductance element L1 through the via hole conductor 83e. The capacitance element C1 b is defined by the capacitance electrodes86 b and 87 b. The capacitor electrode 86 b is connected to the otherend of the inductance element L1 through the via hole conductor 83 d.Furthermore, the capacitance element C2 a is defined by the capacitorelectrodes 85 a and 86 a. The capacitor electrode 85 a is connected toone end of the inductance element L2 through the via hole conductor 84e. The capacitance element C2 b is defined by the capacitor electrodes85 b and 86 b. The capacitor electrode 85 b is connected to the otherend of the inductance element L2 through the via hole conductor 84 d.

Advantages of the fourteenth example are substantially the same as thoseof the first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 n receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation element 20.The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 n resonates the feeder circuit 16(an LC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L1 andthe capacitance elements C1 a and C1 b and an LC series resonant circuitdefined by the inductance element L2 and the capacitance elements C2 aand C2 b) that is primarily magnetically coupled to the radiationelement 20, and supplies only a reception signal at a predeterminedfrequency band to the radio IC chip 5. On the other hand, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 n derives a predetermined energy fromthis reception signal. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 n appliesreflection modulation on information stored in the radio IC chip 5,i.e., an input signal, using this energy as a driving source to adjust atransmission signal at a predetermined frequency in the feeder circuit16. Thereafter, the transmission signal is transmitted to the radiationelement 20 from the inductance elements L1 and L2 in the feeder circuit16 via magnetic coupling. The transmission signal is transmitted andtransferred to the reader/writer from the radiation element 20.

In particular, in this fourteenth example, in the reflectioncharacteristic, the frequency band is widened as denoted by a bandwidthX in FIG. 25. This results from the fact that the feeder circuit 16 isdefined by a plurality of LC resonant circuits including inductanceelements L1 and L2 magnetically coupled to each other at a high couplingdegree. In addition, since the capacitance elements C1 a and C1 b areinserted downstream of the radio IC chip 5, the surge withstandcapability is improved.

Fifteenth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 26, in anelectromagnetic-coupling module 10 of a fifteenth example, a feedercircuit 16 has inductance elements L1 and L2 magnetically coupled toeach other at a high coupling degree. The inductance element L1magnetically couples to an inductance element L5 provided in a radio ICchip 5. The inductance element L2 and a capacitance element C2 define anLC parallel resonant circuit. In addition, a capacitance element C1capacitively couples to a radiation element 20. Another capacitanceelement C3 is inserted between the capacitance elements C1 and C2.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 27, a feeder circuit board 10 is aboard obtained by laminating, press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets91A to 91E made of dielectrics. The feeder circuit board 10 is definedby the sheet 91A on which conductive patterns 92 a and 92 b and via holeconductors 93 a, 93 b, 94 a, and 94 b are provided, a sheet 91B on whicha capacitor electrode 95 and via hole conductors 93 c, 93 d, and 94 care provided, the sheet 91C on which a capacitor electrode 96 and viahole conductors 93 c and 93 d are provided, the sheet 91D on which acapacitor electrode 97 and a via hole conductor 93 c are provided, andthe sheet 91E on which a capacitor electrode 98 is provided.

By laminating these sheets 91A to 91E, the inductance element L1 isdefined by the conductive pattern 92 a. The inductance element L2 isdefined by the conductive pattern 92 b. The capacitance element C1 isdefined by the capacitor electrodes 97 and 98. One end of the inductanceelement L1 is connected to the capacitor electrode 98 through the viahole conductors 93 a and 93 c. The other end is connected to thecapacitor electrode 97 through the via hole conductors 93 b and 93 d.The capacitance element C2 is defined by the capacitor electrodes 95 and96. One end of the inductance element L2 is connected to the capacitorelectrode 96 through the via hole conductors 94 a and 94 c. The otherend is connected to the capacitor electrode 95 through the via holeconductor 94 b. Furthermore, the capacitance element C3 is defined bythe capacitor electrodes 96 and 97.

In addition, as shown in FIGS. 28A and 28B, a coil-shaped electrodepattern 99 is provided as a chip-side electrode pattern on a backsurface of the radio IC chip 5. The inductance element L5 is defined bythe coil-shaped electrode pattern 99. A resin protection film or othersuitable protective film is provided on a surface of the coil-shapedelectrode pattern 99, such that the inductance elements L1 and L2defined by coil-shaped electrode patterns, which are board-sideelectrode patterns, magnetically couple to the coil-shaped electrodepattern 99.

Advantages of the fifteenth example are substantially the same as thoseof the first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 10 receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with the radiation element 20.The electromagnetic-coupling module 10 resonates the feeder circuit 16(an LC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L2 andthe capacitance elements C2) that is capacitively and magneticallycoupled to the radiation element 20, and supplies only a receptionsignal at a predetermined frequency band to the radio IC chip 5. On theother hand, the electromagnetic-coupling module 10 derives apredetermined energy from this reception signal. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 10 applies reflection modulation oninformation stored in the radio IC chip 5, i.e., an input signal, usingthis energy as a driving source to adjust a transmission signal at apredetermined frequency in the feeder circuit 16. Thereafter, thetransmission signal is transmitted to the radiation element 20 viacapacitive and magnetic coupling. The transmission signal is transmittedand transferred to the reader/writer from the radiation element 20. Thefeeder circuit 16 and the radio IC chip 5 are magnetically coupled bythe inductance elements L1 and L5, thereby power andtransmission/reception signals are transmitted.

Sixteenth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

As shown as an equivalent circuit in FIG. 29, in anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 p of a sixteenth example, a feedercircuit 16 has inductance elements L1, L2, and L3 magnetically coupledto each other at a high coupling degree. The inductance element L1magnetically couples to an inductance element L5 provided in a radio ICchip 5. The inductance element L2 and capacitance elements C1 a and C1 bdefine an LC series resonant circuit. An inductance element L3 andcapacitance elements C2 a and C2 b define an LC series resonant circuit.In addition, each of the inductance elements L1, L2, and L3 magneticallycouples to a radiation element 20.

More specifically, as shown in FIG. 30, a feeder circuit board 10 is aboard obtained by laminating, press-bonding, and burning ceramic sheets101A to 101E made of dielectrics. The feeder circuit board 10 is definedby the sheet 101A on which a conductive pattern 102 a and via holeconductors 103 a and 103 b are provided, the sheet 101B on whichcapacitor electrodes 104 a and 104 b are provided, the sheet 101C onwhich capacitor electrodes 105 a and 105 b and via hole conductors 103 cand 103 d are provided, the sheet 101D on which capacitor electrodes 106a and 106 b and via hole conductors 103 c, 103 d, 103 e, and 103 f areprovided, and the sheet 101E on which conductive patterns 102 b and 102c are provided. That is, the electrodes 104 a, 105 a, and 106 a and theelectrodes 104 b, 105 b, and 106 b defining the capacitance elements C1a, C2 a, C1 b, and C2 b are spaced so that magnetic flux caused by theinductance element L1 reaches the inductance elements L2 and L3, and theradiation element 20.

By laminating these sheets 101A to 101E, the inductance element L1 isdefined by the conductive pattern 102 a. An inductance element L2 isdefined by the conductive pattern 102 b. The inductance element L3 isdefined by the conductive pattern 102 c. The capacitance element C1 a isdefined by the capacitor electrodes 104 a and 105 a. The capacitanceelement C1 b is defined by the capacitor electrodes 104 b and 105 b. Inaddition, the capacitance element C2 a is defined by the capacitorelectrodes 105 a and 106 a. The capacitance element C2 b is defined bythe capacitor electrodes 105 b and 106 b.

One end of the inductance element L1 is connected to the capacitorelectrode 104 a through the via hole conductor 103 a. The other end isconnected to the capacitor electrode 104 b through the via holeconductor 103 b. One end of the inductance element L2 is connected tothe capacitor electrode 105 a through the via hole conductor 103 c. Theother end is connected to the capacitor electrode 106 b through the viahole conductor 103 f. One end of the inductance element L3 is connectedto the capacitor electrode 106 a through the via hole conductor 103 e.The other end is connected to the capacitor electrode 105 b through thevia hole conductor 103 d.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 28, a coil-shaped electrode pattern 99 isprovided as a chip-side electrode pattern on a back surface of the radioIC chip 5. The inductance element L5 is defined by the coil-shapedelectrode pattern 99. A resin protection film or other suitableprotective film is provided on a surface of the coil-shaped electrodepattern 99, such that the inductance element L defined by a coil-shapedelectrode pattern, which is a board-side electrode pattern, magneticallycouples to the coil-shaped electrode pattern 99.

Advantages of the sixteenth example are substantially the same as thoseof the fourteenth example. More specifically, thiselectromagnetic-coupling module 1 p receives a high-frequency signal(e.g., UHF frequency band) radiated from a reader/writer, not shown,with the radiation element 20. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 presonates the feeder circuit 16 (an LC series resonant circuit definedby the inductance element L2 and the capacitance elements C1 a and C1 band an LC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L3and the capacitance elements C2 a and C2 b) that is magnetically coupledto the radiation element 20, and supplies only a reception signal at apredetermined frequency band to the radio IC chip 5. On the other hand,the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 p derives a predetermined energyfrom this reception signal. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 papplies reflection modulation on information stored in the radio IC chip5, i.e., an input signal, using this energy as a driving source toadjust a transmission signal at a predetermined frequency in the feedercircuit 16. Thereafter, the transmission signal is transmitted to theradiation element 20 from the inductance elements L1, L2, and L3 in thefeeder circuit 16 via magnetic coupling. The transmission signal istransmitted and transferred to the reader/writer from the radiationelement 20. The feeder circuit 16 and the radio IC chip 5 aremagnetically coupled by the inductance elements L1 and L5, and power andtransmission and reception signals are transmitted.

In particular, in the sixteenth example, the feeder circuit 16 isdefined by a plurality of LC resonant circuits including the inductanceelements L2 and L3 that are magnetically coupled to each other.Accordingly, as in the case of the fourteenth example, the frequencyband widens.

Seventeenth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

In an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 q of a seventeenth example, afeeder circuit board 110 is defined by a single-layer board. Anequivalent circuit thereof is the same as that in FIG. 3. Morespecifically, a feeder circuit 16 is defined by an LC series resonantcircuit in which capacitance elements C1 and C2 are connected to bothends of an inductance element L. The feeder circuit board 110 is aceramic board made of a dielectric. As shown in FIG. 31, capacitorelectrodes 111 a and 111 b are provided on a front surface. Capacitorelectrodes 112 a and 112 b and a conductive pattern 113 are provided ona back surface. The capacitance element C1 is defined by the capacitorelectrodes 111 a and 112 a. The capacitance element C2 is provided bythe capacitor electrodes 111 b and 112 b.

Advantages of the seventeenth example are substantially the same asthose of the first example. More specifically, thiselectromagnetic-coupling module 1 q receives a high-frequency signal(e.g., UHF frequency band) radiated from a reader/writer, not shown,with the radiation element 20. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 qresonates the feeder circuit 16 (an LC series resonant circuit definedby the inductance element L and the capacitance elements C1 and C2) thatis magnetically coupled to the radiation element 20, and supplies only areception signal at a predetermined frequency band to a radio IC chip 5.On the other hand, the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 q derives apredetermined energy from this reception signal. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 q supplies reflection modulation oninformation stored in the radio IC chip 5, i.e., an input signal, usingthis energy as a driving source to adjust a transmission signal at apredetermined frequency in the feeder circuit 16. Thereafter, thetransmission signal is transmitted to the radiation element 20 from theinductance element L of the feeder circuit 16 via magnetic coupling. Thetransmission signal is transmitted and transferred to the reader/writerfrom the radiation element 20.

In particular, in the seventeenth example, as shown in FIG. 32 and FIG.33, the inductance element L is arranged to only partially overlap theradio IC chip 5 in plan view. By this configuration, the magnetic fluxcaused by the inductance element L is not substantially blocked by theradio IC chip 5, and a rise of the magnetic flux improves.

Additionally, in the seventeenth example, as shown in FIG. 34, bothsides of the feeder circuit board 110 mounting the radio IC chip 5 maybe sandwiched by the radiation elements 20 and 20. A magnetic couplingefficiency between the feeder circuit 16 and the radiation elements 20and 20 is increased, and gain is improved.

Eighteenth Example of Electromagnetic-Coupling Module

In an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 r of an eighteenth example, aninductance element L has a meander line electrode pattern. An equivalentcircuit thereof is substantially the same as that in FIG. 3. Morespecifically, a feeder circuit 16 is defined by an LC series resonantcircuit in which capacitance elements C1 and C2 are connected to bothends of the inductance element L. A feeder circuit board 110 is aceramic single-layer board made of a dielectric. As shown in FIG. 35,capacitor electrodes 121 a and 121 b are provided on a front surface.Capacitor electrodes 122 a and 122 b and a meander conductive pattern123 are provided on a back surface. The capacitance element C1 isdefined by the capacitor electrodes 121 a and 122 a. The capacitanceelement C2 is defined by the capacitor electrodes 121 b and 122 b.

Advantages of the eighteenth example are substantially the same as thoseof the first example. More specifically, this electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 r receives a high-frequency signal (e.g., UHF frequency band)radiated from a reader/writer, not shown, with a radiation element(illustration is omitted) facing to the conductive pattern 123. Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 r resonates the feeder circuit 16 (anLC series resonant circuit defined by the inductance element L and thecapacitance elements C1 and C2) that is magnetically coupled to theradiation element, and supplies only a reception signal at apredetermined frequency band to a radio IC chip 5. On the other hand,the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 r derives a predetermined energyfrom this reception signal. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 rapplies reflection modulation on information stored in the radio IC chip5, i.e., an input signal, using this energy as a driving source toadjust a transmission signal at a predetermined frequency in the feedercircuit 16. Thereafter, the transmission signal is transmitted to theradiation element from the inductance element L in the feeder circuit 16via magnetic coupling. The transmission signal is transmitted andtransferred to the reader/writer from the radiation element.

In particular, in the eighteenth example, the inductance element L isdefined by the meander conductive pattern 123. Accordingly, it iseffective for transmitting and receiving high-frequency signals.

In addition, in the above-described seventeenth example and thiseighteenth example, the feeder circuit board 110 may be defined by amulti-layer board.

Next, preferred embodiments of various articles to which theabove-described electromagnetic-coupling modules are attached will bedescribed.

First Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 36, a first preferred embodiment is applied to anautomobile 200. A vehicle body 201, preferably including a steel plate,of the automobile 200, preferably is used as a radiation element. Theabove-described electromagnetic-coupling module 1 is adhered to a steelplate portion of the vehicle body 201. The above-described feedercircuit is magnetically coupled to the steel plate portion (radiationelement). Asset management of the automobile 200 can be performed on thebasis of automobile inspection information, automobile registrationinformation, user information, and so on stored in a radio IC chipprovided in the electromagnetic-coupling module 1. In addition, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 may be adhered on (included in) alicense plate 202. The license plate 202 may be used as the radiationelement. Alternatively, a metal material such as, for example, adefogger (e.g., a defogging conductive pattern) may be used as theradiation element.

When the electromagnetic module 1 is adhered to the license plate 202,it is possible to store information, such as a registration number, aregistration date, and automobile inspection information of theautomobile 200 in the radio IC chip and transmit the information to aroadside device including a reader. In this case, the license plate 202functions as an electronic license plate (smart plate). Theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 uses a passive system, i.e., a systemfor generating a current using an electromagnetic wave input fromoutside as a driving source without including a battery. Accordingly,the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 is does not cause a fault, such asbattery failure. Additionally, by mounting an RFID reader on aninvestigating vehicle, it is possible to easily discover a vehiclehaving a forged license plate and a stolen vehicle even in an area inwhich a roadside device is not installed.

In addition, the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 may be adhered to avehicle inspection sticker 204 disposed on a front window 203 of theautomobile 200. The electromagnetic-coupling module 1 is magneticallycoupled to the front window 203, which is a dielectric. The front window203 functions as a radiation element. More specifically, by matchingcharacteristic impedance at an input and output portion of theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 and characteristic impedance at aninterface of a dielectric (the front window 203), an electromagneticwave is input into the dielectric (the front window 203) and thedielectric (the front window 203) functions as an electromagneticradiator. In this case, since the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 isarranged inside the automobile together with the vehicle inspectionsticker 204, an environmental resistance capability may be less thatthat of the module arranged outside the automobile. Accordingly, thecost is reduced and the risk of robbery is decreased. Additionally,since a large radiation element such as the front window 203 is used,broad directivity and high gain is obtained. In addition, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 may be directly adhered to a frontwindow and a rear window. The adhesion position may be anywhere on thewindow as shown in FIG. 36.

Furthermore, the first preferred embodiment may be applied not only tothe automobile 200 but also an electric train, an aircraft, a ship, abus, construction equipment, such as a crane, a forklift, and a vehicle,such as a motor cycle and a bicycle, and asset management thereof can beperformed.

Second Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 37, a second preferred embodiment is applied to anilluminating lamp 210 installed at an expressway. Theelectronic-coupling module 1 is adhered to a metal pole potion 211 ofthe illuminating lamp 210. The pole portion 211 is used as a radiationelement. A feeder circuit of the electromagnetic-coupling module 1electromagnetically couples to the pole portion 211. Asset managementcan be performed on the basis of an installation date, equipmentinformation, and employed material of the illuminating lamp 210 storedin a radio IC chip. Other than the illuminating lamp 210, the assetmanagement of play ground and sports equipment installed in parks andpublic areas can be performed.

Third Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 38, a third preferred embodiment is applied to anelectronic paper 220 including a display screen 221 and a frame portion222. A metal frame portion 222 of the electronic paper 220 is used as aradiation element. A feeder circuit of the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 electromagnetically couples to the frame portion 222. It ispossible to perform, for example, asset management on the basis of apurchase date, a purchase price, and a purchaser of the electronic paper220 stored in a radio IC chip.

Fourth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 39, a fourth preferred embodiment utilizes metalhousing portions 231 and 236 of a body 230 of a desktop computer and anotebook computer 235 as radiation elements. A feeder circuit of theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 electromagnetically couples to thehousing portions 231 and 236. A housing portion 246 of a printer 245 maybe utilized as a radiation element. It is possible to perform, forexample, asset management of a purchase date and a purchase price of thebody 230, the notebook computer 235, and the printer 245.

Fifth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 40, a fifth preferred embodiment utilizes a metalcasing 251 or a strap 252 of a watch 250 as a radiation element. Afeeder circuit of an electromagnetic-coupling module 1electromagnetically couples to the casing 251 or the strap 252. It ispossible to perform, for example, asset management of a purchase dateand a purchase price of the watch 250.

Sixth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 41, a sixth preferred embodiment utilizes a metalhousing portion 261 (conductive paint applied onto the housing if thehousing portion is non-metal) of a mobile phone 260 as a radiationelement. A feeder circuit of an electromagnetic-coupling module 1electromagnetically couples to the housing portion 261 or the conductivepaint. It is possible to perform, for example, asset management of apurchase date and a purchase price of the mobile phone 260.Additionally, such asset management is not limited to the mobile phone260. The asset management can be applied to mobile devices such as aPDA, a digital camera, a portable game platform, and a communicationdevice.

Seventh Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 42, a seventh preferred embodiment utilizes an aluminumlid 271 of a jar 270 used for preserving foods as a radiation element. Afeeder circuit of an electromagnetic-coupling module 1electromagnetically couples to the lid 271, and theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. In the seventh preferred embodiment, it is possible tomanage assets such as a manufacturing date, a manufacturing date, andkinds of food. Furthermore, inventory control is facilitated if adistribution log of the food is stored in a radio IC chip and timelyupdated.

If the lid 271 is made of resin or other material and cannot be utilizedas the radiation element, a radiation element 273 is printed on a label272 of the jar 270 as a portion of the design using a conductive paintor other suitable conductive material and the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 is adhered thereto.

Eighth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 43, in an eighth preferred embodiment, a radiationelement 281 is printed on a carton 280 of milk or juice as a portion ofthe design using a conductive paint or other suitable conductivematerial and an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 is adhered thereto.The usage is the same as that of the seventh preferred embodiment. Cansof canned meat may be utilized as a radiation element. A conductivepaint or other suitable conductive material printed on wrapping ofpotato chips may be utilized as a radiation element. That is, the eighthpreferred embodiment can be utilized in whole wrapped foods.

Ninth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 44, in a ninth preferred embodiment, a radiationelement 291 is printed on a clothing wrapping bag 290 as a portion of adesign using a conductive paint or other suitable conductive materialand an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 is adhered thereto. The usageis the same as that of the seventh preferred embodiment. In addition,articles contained in the wrapping bag 290 are not limited to clothing,and the articles may be stationeries, daily goods, or any other suitablearticles.

Tenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 45, a tenth preferred embodiment utilizes a metal charm301 of a necklace 300, a metal setting 306 and a metal band 307 of aring 305 as radiation elements. A feeder circuit of anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 electromagnetically couples to thecharm 301 and the setting 306 and the electromagnetic-coupling modulecommunicates with a reader/writer of an RFID system. It is possible toperform, for example, asset management of a purchase date and a purchaseprice in the tenth preferred embodiment. Furthermore, inventory controlis facilitated if a distribution log is stored in a radio IC chip andtimely updated.

Eleventh Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 46, in an eleventh preferred embodiment, a radiationelement 311 is printed on a security 310 as a portion of design using aconductive paint or other suitable conductive material and anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 is adhered thereto. The eleventhpreferred embodiment can be utilized not only for asset management basedon value information stored in a radio IC chip as an RFID system butalso for determining the authenticity of the security 310.

In addition, the eleventh preferred embodiment is applied not only tothe security 310 but also to paper products, such as banknotes,important documents, invoices, envelopes, receipt paper, cargo labels,and books. Additionally, documents may have a double-sheet-laminatedstructure and the radiation element 311 and the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 can be sandwiched inside. Alternatively, the radiation element311 and the electromagnetic-coupling module 1 may be provided insideenvelopes, books, or other suitable products.

Twelfth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 47, a twelfth preferred embodiment utilizes metalhousing portions 331 and 336 (a conductive paint applied onto thehousing if the housing portion is non-metal) of a television 330 and aradio 335 as radiation elements. A feeder circuit of anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 electromagnetically couples to thehousing portion 331 or 336 or the conductive paint. It is possible toperform, for example, asset management utilizing an RFID system of thetelevision 330 or the radio 335. Additionally, the twelfth preferredembodiment can be applied to AV home appliances other than thetelevision and the radio.

Thirteenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 48, a thirteenth preferred embodiment utilizes a metalhousing portion 341 of a refrigerator 340 as a radiation element. Afeeder circuit of an electromagnetic-coupling module 1electromagnetically couples to the housing portion 341. Asset managementof the refrigerator 340 is provided. In addition, the thirteenthpreferred embodiment can be applied to goods other than the refrigerator340.

Fourteenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 49, a fourteenth preferred embodiment utilizes a metalhousing portion 351 of a desk 350 or a metal leg portion 356 of a chair355 as a radiation element. Each feeder circuit electromagneticallycouples to the housing portion 351 or the leg portion 356 and anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. The fourteenth preferred embodiment is primarily usedfor fixed asset management, such as prevention of robbery. Needless tosay, the fourteenth preferred embodiment can be used for inventorycontrol at a distribution step if a distribution log is stored in aradio IC chip and is timely updated. Additionally, the fourteenthpreferred embodiment can be applied to various office furniture inaddition to the desk 350 and the chair 355.

Fifteenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 50, a fifteenth preferred embodiment utilizes a metalstrut 361 of a bed 360 or a housing portion 366 of a cabinet 365 as aradiation element. Each feeder circuit electromagnetically couples tothe strut 361 or the housing portion 366 and an electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 communicates with a reader/writer of an RFID system. The usageof the fifteenth preferred embodiment is substantially the same as thatof the fourteenth preferred embodiment. Additionally, the fifteenthpreferred embodiment can be applied to various home furniture and hotelfurnishings other than the bed 360 and the cabinet 365.

Sixteenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 51, a sixteenth preferred embodiment utilizes a metalplate portion 371 (a conductive paint applied onto the plate portion ifthe plate portion is non-metal) of a pallet 370, a radiation element 376applied onto a corrugated cardboard 375 using a conductive paint orother suitable conductive material, and a metal housing portion 381 of adistribution container 380 as radiation elements. Each feeder circuitelectromagnetically couples to the metal plate portion 371, theradiation element 376, or the housing portion 381, and anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. The sixteenth preferred embodiment is used for fixedasset management or goods distribution management.

Seventeenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 52, in a seventeenth preferred embodiment, anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 is adhered to a metal fastener portion391 of a suitcase 390 or a radiation element 396 printed on a surface ofa bag 395 as part of the design using a conductive paint or othersuitable conductive material. A feeder circuit electromagneticallycouples to the fastener portion 391 or the radiation element 396 and theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. The seventeenth preferred embodiment can be used notonly for asset management of the suitcase 390 and the bag 395 but alsofor distribution management at airports.

Eighteenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 53, an eighteenth preferred embodiment utilizes acarbon shaft 411 of a golf club 410 or a carbon shaft 416 of a tennisracket 415 as a radiation element. Each feeder circuitelectromagnetically couples to the shaft 411 or 416 and anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. The eighteenth preferred embodiment is used for theabove-mentioned fixed asset management and goods distributionmanagement. The eighteenth embodiment can be applied to any sportinggoods item.

Nineteenth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 54, in a nineteenth preferred embodiment, anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 is adhered to a radiation element 421provided on clothing 420 as part of the design using a conductive paintor other suitable conductive material. A feeder circuitelectromagnetically couples to the radiation element 421 and theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. By storing a serial number, a manufacturing date, aprice, and other useful information about the clothing 420 in a radio ICchip, the nineteenth preferred embodiment is used for fixed assetmanagement and goods distribution management.

Twentieth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 55, a twentieth preferred embodiment utilizes aluminumevaporation film 431 of a recording medium 430, such as a DVD or a CD,as a radiation element. A feeder circuit electromagnetically couples tothe aluminum evaporation film 431 and an electromagnetic-coupling module1 communicates with a reader/writer of an RFID system.

In the twentieth preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic-couplingmodule 1 can be used not only for asset management and distributionmanagement, but also for prevention of illegal copying by configuring aplayer such that the player cannot perform playback when information isnot given by a radio IC chip.

Twenty First Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 56, a twenty first preferred embodiment utilizesaluminum films 441 and 446 of packages 440 and 445 of medical andpharmaceutical products as radiation elements. The package 440 is forgranular medicines. The package 445 is for tablet medicines. Each feedercircuit electromagnetically couples to the aluminum film 441 or 446 andan electromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writerof an RFID system. In the twenty first preferred embodiment, by storinga manufacturing date, ingredients, an administration method, and adosage method of the medicine in a radio IC chip, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 not only is used for asset managementand distribution management, but also enables identification oflegal/illegal medicine on a package-by-package basis.

Twenty Second Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 57, a twenty second preferred embodiment utilizes ametal screw 450, a nail 455, or a pin 460 as a radiation element. Anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 is mounted on each of heads 451, 456,and 461. A feeder circuit electromagnetically couples to the screw 450,the nail 455, or the pin 460 and communicates with a reader/writer of anRFID system. In the twenty second preferred embodiment, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 can be used for asset management ofthe screw 450 or other fastener. In addition, if the screw 450 requiresprecise construction such as in aircrafts, it is possible to manage thescrew 450 by storing tightening torque, a construction date, aconstruction method, or the like in a radio IC chip.

Twenty Third Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 58, a twenty third preferred embodiment utilizes ametal casing 471 of an electric tool 470 as a radiation element. Afeeder circuit of an electromagnetic-coupling module 1electromagnetically couples to the casing 471 and theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. In the twenty third preferred embodiment, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 is used not only for asset managementand distribution management of tools, such as the electric tool 470, butalso for management in a tool box.

Twenty Fourth Preferred Embodiment

As shown in FIG. 59, a twenty fourth preferred embodiment utilizes ametal portion 481 of a spring clipboard 480 as a radiation element. Afeeder circuit of an electromagnetic-coupling module 1 iselectromagnetically coupled to the metal portion 481 and theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 communicates with a reader/writer ofan RFID system. In the twenty fourth preferred embodiment, theelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 can be used not only for assetmanagement and distribution management of office supplies, such as thespring clipboard 480, but also for storage management and storageposition management in a cabinet by communication with anelectromagnetic-coupling module 1 provided in the cabinet storing theclipboard 480.

Electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached articles according to thepresent invention are not limited to the above-described preferredembodiments, and can be modified within a sprit thereof.

In particular, articles to which electromagnetic-coupling modules areattached are not limited to those cited in the above-described preferredembodiments, and the electromagnetic-coupling modules can be attached tovarious kinds of articles. In addition, details of an internalconfiguration of a feeder circuit board and the specific shapes of aradiation element may be arbitrarily selected. Furthermore, a treatmentother than solder bumps may be used for connecting a radio IC chip on afeeder circuit board.

While preferred embodiments of the present invention have been describedabove, it is to be understood that variations and modifications will beapparent to those skilled in the art without departing the scope andspirit of the present invention. The scope of the present invention,therefore, is to be determined solely by the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. An electromagnetic-coupling-module-attachedarticle comprising: an article; an electromagnetic-coupling moduleincluding a radio IC chip and a feeder circuit board attached to thearticle; wherein the electromagnetic-coupling module includes a resonantcircuit having a predetermined resonant frequency; the article includesa radiation element that performs at least one of the functions of:radiating a transmission signal supplied from theelectromagnetic-coupling module via electromagnetic coupling, andsupplying a received reception signal to the electromagnetic-couplingmodule via electromagnetic coupling; the feeder circuit board includes afirst electrode that opposes the radiation element and a secondelectrode that opposes the first electrode; the second electrode isopposed to the radiation element with the first electrode in between thesecond electrode and the radiation element; and a frequency of thetransmission signal radiated from the radiation element is substantiallyequal to the predetermined resonant frequency of the resonant circuit.2. The electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according toclaim 1, wherein the resonant circuit is a lumped-constant resonantcircuit defined by a capacitor pattern and an inductor pattern.
 3. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 2,wherein the lumped-constant resonant circuit includes at least one of anLC series resonant circuit and an LC parallel resonant circuit.
 4. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 2,wherein the lumped-constant resonant circuit includes at least one of aplurality of LC series resonant circuits and a plurality of LC parallelresonant circuits.
 5. The electromagnetic-coupling-module-attachedarticle according to claim 2, wherein the capacitor pattern is arrangeddownstream of the radio IC chip and between the radio IC chip and theinductor pattern.
 6. The electromagnetic-coupling-module-attachedarticle according to claim 2, wherein the feeder circuit board is amulti-layer board including a plurality of at least one of dielectriclayers and magnetic layers laminated together, and the capacitor patternand the inductor pattern are disposed on a surface of or inside themulti-layer board.
 7. The electromagnetic-coupling-module-attachedarticle according to claim 1, wherein the feeder circuit board is arigid board made of one of resin and ceramic.
 8. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 1,wherein an electrical length of the radiation element is an integralmultiple of a half wavelength of the resonant frequency.
 9. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 1,wherein a chip-side electrode pattern is provided at the radio IC chipand a first board-side electrode pattern is provided at the feedercircuit board, and the radio IC chip and the feeder circuit board arecoupled by a DC connection between the chip-side electrode pattern andthe first board-side electrode pattern.
 10. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 1,wherein a chip-side electrode pattern is provided at the radio IC chipand a first board-side electrode pattern is provided at the feedercircuit board, the radio IC chip and the feeder circuit board arecoupled by capacitive coupling between the chip-side electrode patternand the first board-side electrode pattern.
 11. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 10,wherein the chip-side electrode pattern and the first board-sideelectrode pattern are planar electrode patterns arranged substantiallyparallel to each other, and the radio IC chip and the feeder circuitboard are connected through a dielectric adhesion layer.
 12. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 1,wherein a chip-side electrode pattern is provided at the radio IC chipand a first board-side electrode pattern is provided at the feedercircuit board, the radio IC chip and the feeder circuit board is coupledby magnetic coupling between the chip-side electrode pattern and thefirst board-side electrode pattern.
 13. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 12,wherein each of the chip-side electrode pattern and the first board-sideelectrode pattern is a coil-shaped electrode pattern, and the radio ICchip and the feeder circuit board are connected through an insulating ormagnetic adhesion layer.
 14. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 1,wherein the radiation element and the resonant circuit are disposed ondifferent substrates from one another.
 15. Theelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according to claim 1,wherein the feeder circuit board is smaller than the radiation element.16. The electromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article according toclaim 2, wherein the inductor pattern is disposed at an opposite side ofthe first electrode with respect to the radiation element.
 17. Anelectromagnetic-coupling-module-attached article comprising: an article;an electromagnetic-coupling module including a radio IC chip and afeeder circuit board attached to the article; wherein theelectromagnetic-coupling module includes a resonant circuit having apredetermined resonant frequency; the article includes a radiationelement that performs at least one of the functions of: radiating atransmission signal supplied from the electromagnetic-coupling modulevia electromagnetic coupling, and supplying a received reception signalto the electromagnetic-coupling module via electromagnetic coupling; thefeeder circuit board includes a first electrode that opposes theradiation element and a second electrode that opposes the firstelectrode; a frequency of the transmission signal radiated from theradiation element is substantially equal to the predetermined resonantfrequency of the resonant circuit; the resonant circuit is alumped-constant resonant circuit defined by a capacitor pattern and aninductor pattern; and the inductor pattern is disposed at an oppositeside of the first electrode with respect to the radiation element.